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Sickle Cell Trait and the Risk of ESRD in Blacks

key information

source: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

year: 2017

authors: Naik RP, Irvin MR, Judd S, Gutiérrez OM, Zakai NA, Derebail VK, Peralta C, Lewis MR, Zhi D, Arnett D, McClellan W, Wilson JG, Reiner AP, Kopp JB, Winkler CA, Cushman M

summary/abstract:

Blacks, compared with whites, have an increased risk of progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Emerging evidence suggests that, in addition to APOL1 high-risk genotypes, hemoglobin variants, including sickle cell trait (SCT) and hemoglobin C trait, have a role in kidney disease in blacks. However, the association between these hemoglobin traits and ESRD remains unknown. In a large population-based cohort, the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, we evaluated 9909 self-reported blacks (739 with SCT and 243 with hemoglobin C trait). Incident ESRD occurred in 40 of 739 (5.4%) individuals with SCT, six of 243 (2.5%) individuals with hemoglobin C trait, and 234 of 8927 (2.6%) noncarriers. The incidence rate for ESRD was 8.5 per 1000 person-years for participants with SCT and 4.0 per 1000 person-years for noncarriers. Compared with individuals without SCT, individuals with SCT had a hazard ratio for ESRD of 2.03 (95% confidence interval, 1.44 to 2.84). Hemoglobin C trait did not associate with prevalent CKD or ESRD. The incidence rate for ESRD among participants with APOL1 high-risk genotypes was 6.6 per 1000 person-years, with a hazard ratio for ESRD of 1.77 (95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 2.38) for participants with, compared with those without, APOL1 high-risk genotypes. In this cohort, SCT strongly associated with risk of progression to ESRD in blacks, and this degree of risk for ESRD was similar to that conferred by APOL1 high-risk genotypes. These results may have important public policy implications for genetic counseling of SCT carriers.

organization: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; University of California San Francisco; University of Kentucky; Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta; University of Mississippi Medical Center; University of Washington School of Public Health; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; National Cancer Institute,USA; Frederick National Laboratory

DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2016101086

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